She only has about $742 in income per month, and tries to work more but her health continues to suffer. Summarize the reasoning behind the decision. Deborah says that she's amazed that all those cells are her mother. 2. Please try again later. His casual remark sparked Skloots interest, and led to a research project that would take over a decade to complete. Books She was institutionalized due to epilepsy and died at age 15.Eliza Lacks PleasantHenriettas mother. Victor McKusick geneticist at Johns Hopkins who conducted research on samples taken from Henriettas children without informed consent to learn more about HeLa cells. In the midst of the ceremony, Pullum pulls Rebecca up on the pulpit, saying that she has come to make sense of Henrietta's cells. Sonny undergoes a successful quadruple bypass survey, but wakes up $125,000 in debt because he did not have medical insurance. Please wait while we process your payment. Check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary and analysis. She was trained as a surgical nurse.Mary KubicekGeorge Geys lab assistant who cultured HeLa cells for the first timeRichard Wesley TeLinde one of the top cervical cancer experts in the country at the time of Henriettas diagnosis.His research involved taking tissue samples from Henrietta and other cervical cancerpatients at Johns Hopkins.Roland Pattillo professor of gynecology at Morehouse School of Medicine who was one of George Geys only AfricanAmerican students. She is the department chair for language arts at Tri-Cities High School, an urban public high school in southwest Atlanta. A lay preacher, he performed a faith healing on Deborah.LaTonyaDeborah and Cheetahs second child; Davons motherLittle AlfredDeborahs grandsonMargaret SturdivantHenriettas cousin and confidante. Summarize the events in Deborahs life leading up to her initial contact with Rebecca Skloot. Where did Southam find test subjects for his second research study? 6. 4. The Hospital for the Negro Insane 2001. Purchasing 5. As a result, this guide is structured to provide discussion and writing activities that will engage students in researching, reading, and writing across the curriculum. 9. Yet as Lengauer points out, all the information (DNA) that made Henrietta who she was is present in these cells. Locations. From a legal standpoint, how is the fact that the doctors failed to obtain consent prior to taking blood from the Lacks family in 1973 different from their initial failure to obtain consent from Henrietta in 1951? 5. The narrative arc involving Deborah and Skloot follows that of an archetypal hero journey. What does Hsus request reveal about her attitude towards the Lackses? Why did Ted Slavin start Essential Biologicals? Journalists and OthersCourtney Mama Speed resident of Turner Station and owner of Speeds Grocery. The Lacks family suffers a number of deaths and misfortunes. 9. 6. What do the Lackses believe night doctors do? Chapter Thirty-Seven: Nothing to Be Scared About 1. Rebecca tells Gary that she has a song from the previous night stuck in her head, and Gary says that this is God trying to tell her something. Members of the Medical and Scientific Community. Why do you think Joe turned himself in to the police? What are the intended and unintended consequences of a profitdriven health care system? Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text. With critically acclaimed titles in history, science, higher education, consumer health, humanities, classics, and public health, the Books Division publishes 150 new books each year and maintains a backlist in excess of 3,000 titles. Henriettas cousin says that Henrietta was tryin to tell us somethin with that storm. What do you think she could have been trying to say? How have groups of people such as African Americans, women, children, and most recently, immigrants, fought for legislation protecting their right to privacy? Why didnt his surgeons honor his request? X-rays show a massive inoperable tumor in her pelvis. Subscribe now. One UW professor has studied the connection between patient abuse and a seemingly unrelated topic: haunted hospitals. What physical ailments did Deborah suffer from as a result of the excitement and stress of seeing her mothers cells for the first time, and learning about Elsie? Between 1967 and 1976, the journal appeared under the Rebecca nervously explains a bit about the HeLa line, and Pullum says that someday the whole world will know who Henrietta was and what she did. Did researchers explain why they wanted DNA samples to the Lacks family? 10. He became known as a vigilante. Why do you think she was so protective of this information? WebSkloot and Deborah spent days together just talking about Henrietta and getting used to each other. Chapter Thirty-One: Hela, Goddess of Death 1. All rights reserved. Extended Lacks FamilyAlbert LacksHenriettas white great-grandfather. 3. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. With so many aspects of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks to discuss, the fate of Deborahs younger sister, Elsie, sometimes goes unmentioned. 5. 8. Analyze the consent statement that Henrietta signed on page 31. Why is this approach sometimes difficult? Why do you think Skloot structured the book this way? Compare and contrast Skloots, Deborahs, and Zakariyyas interactions with the Jesus statue at Johns Hopkins. What questions does Deborah have about her mother? 6. Why was Deborah unable to attend the National Foundation for Cancer Researchs Henrietta Lacks conference? Why had he saved patients medical records? What are night doctors? Where did the term originate and why? 6. Literature and Culture of the Modern Language Association, the Teachers and parents! Why did he win the Nobel Prize? Required fields are marked *. What is important to him? Lengauer then showed Deborah and Zakariyya how to look at the cells under a microscope. What does it tell you about Joes personality and background? Two courts later rule against the patients.2005 By this date, the U.S. government has issued patents relating to the use of about 20 percent of known human genes, including genes for Alzheimers, asthma, colon cancer, and, most famously, breast cancer.2006 An NIH researcher is charged with violating a federal conflict-of-interest law for providing thousands of tissue samples to the pharmaceutical company Pfizer in exchange for about half a million dollars.2009 The National Institutes of Health invests $13.5 million to develop a bank for fetal blood samples.2009 Parents in Minnesota and Texas sue to stop the nationwide practice of storing and conducting researchwithout consenton fetal blood samples, many of which can be traced back to the infants they came from.2009 More than 150,000 scientists join the American Civil Liberties Union and breast-cancer patients in suing Myriad Genetics over its breast-cancer gene patents. According to Defler, how important was the discovery of HeLa cells? However, the reader easily understands the meaning of these actions in the wide context of her character and experiences. Soon to be made into an HBO movie by Oprah Winfrey and Alan Ball, this New York Times bestseller takes readers on an extraordinary journey, from the colored ward of Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1950s to stark white laboratories with freezers filled with HeLa cells, from Henriettas small, dying hometown of Clover, Virginia, to East Baltimore today, where her children and grandchildren live and struggle with the legacy of her cells. What is Skloot revealing through the juxtaposition of scenes and the division of the book into the three sections of Life, Death, and Immortality? Deborah is still planning to give a speech at the National Foundation for Cancer Research Conference, and she also plans to go back to school to study science, so that she can better understand how her mother's cells are being used. 6. When did the doctors realize that Henrietta had been correct about the growth of her cancer? The questions in the final section, Topics for Further Discussion, require students to expand their thinking and engage in significant research activities related to subjects or issues raised in the book. Leonard Hayflick microbiologist who proved that normal cells die when theyve doubled about fifty times. Explain how the action against Southam and Mandel led to the development of informed consent forms as a standard medical practice. What did Stanley Gartler discover about eighteen of the most commonly used cell cultures? Soon, a simple urine test, with examination of collected cells, may be the new standard for bladder cancer testing, replacing the invasive and often painful tests currently used. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Investigate the history of mental institutions in the United States. 4. You'll also receive an email with the link. WebElsie was institutionalized at Crownsville Hospital in Maryland and died in 1955. After Deborah told him about Elsiethat people thought she was disabled but that Deborah suspected she was just deafLurz rose and went to a storage cabinet. 9. Describe the attempts Wyche made to get recognition for Henrietta and her family. HFS clients enjoy state-of-the-art warehousing, real-time access to critical business data, accounts receivable management and collection, and unparalleled customer service. As a writing assignment, have students practice writing completely factual and objective narrative descriptions of historical locations or figures based on primary source documents such as photographs, eyewitness accounts, testimonies, and public records. She was a black woman, who had cervical cancer growing in her cervix. A smooth-talking con artist who pretends to be a lawyer in order to scam money from the Lacks family. Miraculously, he had a book that contained reports from 1955. According to Stevenson, why did scientists develop the argument that HeLa cells are no longer human? The photograph, in contrast to Elsies childhood photos, was horrific, and showed that Elsie clearly suffered neglect. 3. Who was Alexis Carrel? The symbolism of the fingernails is unmistakable. Explain the Hayflick limit. The next day, Deborah's hives have improved slightly but she decides to visit a doctor anyway. Henrietta was diagnosed withcervical cancer shortly after his birth.Extended Lacks FamilyAlbert Lacks Henriettas white great-grandfather. 8. According to Ethels cousins, why did she dislike Henrietta? 6. 2. Explain the contribution that HeLa made to the emerging field of genetics. Links to several radio productions and podcasts are provided at the end of the guide. 2. Deborah's case of hives worsens as she and Rebecca get closer to Clover. Summarize the events in Deborahs life leading up to her initial contact with Rebecca Skloot. Explain why it would be easy to believe that the Marvel super villain, Hela, Goddess of Death, was based on Henrietta Lacks. Despite Deborahs clear shock, she insisted she still wanted to go to the Maryland State Records Archive to see if Elsies medical records had survived. Explain how the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. Deborah loses it. Determine an authors point of view or purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness or beauty of the text. 3. In the picture, Elsie is screaming and crying, her head held in place against height measurements on a wall by a white staff member at the Hospital for Negro Insane. Explain your answer. Why did Deborah decide to go see her mothers cells? Additionally, given the medical miracles accomplished with Henrietta's cells, Gary believes that Henrietta was an angel or spiritual being sent by God. Deborah explains that she's extra suspicious of outsiders because of Cofield the con artist. She helped raise Lawrences siblings after Henriettas death and advocatedfor them when she discovered they were being abused.Cliff GarretHenriettas cousin. Gary believes that Henrietta is a divine being come to earth to help humanity; he believes that the immortality of the HeLa line is explained by a Biblical passage stating that all who believe in Jesus will have eternal life. Galen Henriettas cousin. In 1955, the facility was 800 patients over capacity. 11. While scientists were working with Henriettas cells, they found out that they were immortal. 5. 6. LANGUAGE ARTS 1. Why, specifically, did the Jewish doctors at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital object to Southams cancer study? Not affiliated with Harvard College. Analyze the way that Christoph Lengauer interacts with the Lacks family. 2. Why do you think Skloot ends this chapter with the introduction of John Moores story? She supported Henrietta during her illness. These questions encourage students to engage in a close reading of the text, prompting them to clarify or infer meaning and to pause to examine not only what is written, but how it is written. What was different about Henriettas second child, Elsie? Alfred Cheetah Carter Deborahs first husband. Henrietta was diagnosed with cervical cancer shortly after his birth. More information about Elsie Lacks is available in Chapter 33 of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, titled The Hospital for the Negro Insane.. 7. How long did Henrietta wait between first telling her girlfriends that something didnt feel right and going to the doctor? To redeem, copy and paste the code during the checkout process. Finally, Sonny tells Rebecca that Deborah died quietly in her sleep of a heart attack. Plant-Based Diet and Weight Loss: Do Veggies Work? Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including whether the structure makes points clear, convincing, and engaging. 3. Instant PDF downloads. Teachers are strongly encouraged to share the Radiolab episode with their students, as it includes audio recordings that the author taped while researching the book, and illuminates several key scenes from the book. Sign up for a free trial here . 2. Explain your answer. Journals 5. She has worked as a correspondent for NPRs Radiolab and PBSs NOVA scienceNOW, and is a contributing editor at Popular Science magazine and guest editor of The Best American Science Writing 2011. WebThe hospital conducted pneumoencephalography on epileptic children, and Elsie likely would have been included. Do you believe Gey was disrespectful? Gary explains that he believes Henrietta's cells are her, that God has given her immortal life as promised by Jesus in the Bible. WebCustom Content. due to epilepsy and died at age fifteen. Based on the descriptions of Gey found on pages 3839, offer three adjectives that best describe his personality. How did Bobette respond to Deborahs pregnancy? 3. The questions and activities in the teaching guide for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks were written to support standards-based instruction and are directly linked to many of the Common Core State Standards for ELA, Science, and Social Studies. He and his wife, Ethel, moved in with Day after Henriettas death to help take care of the children. 6. Who was Henriettas gynecologist? Describe conditions at the hospital during the time period when Elsie was a patient there. 4. And from that same life, and those cells, Rebecca Skloot has fashioned in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks a fascinating and moving story of medicine and family, of how life is sustained in laboratories and in memory. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. For Elsie Lacks, Crownsville was likely just as bad. How did TeLinde, Gey, and others at Johns Hopkins respond to Bergs request? Do you think this was the response that the writers intended? Chapter 34. What is ironic about his participation in these studies? Analyze the note that Joe wrote to the judge. Deborah takes swigs from a bottle of Benadryl to control the hives, but it doesn't seem to be working. How does Skloot use transitions to develop continuity between sections that do not appear in chronological order? Her little great-grandchild will also understand, and so will all of her siblings. Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs Why is it important to approach history from an objective point of view? 4. Why do you think Deborah eventually decided to talk with Skloot? John Moore cancer patient who unsuccessfully sued his doctor and the regents of the University of California over the use of his cells to create the Mo cell line. Chapter Seven: The Death and Life of Cell . Elsie, committed to Crownsville Hospital Center at a young age, was likely abused and neglected prior to her death at the institution in 1955. Deborah says she's going to bed, but then continues to check on Rebecca every few minutes, making up increasingly bizarre excuses each time. The meeting ended with Lengauer giving both Lackses his phone number and telling them to call him with any other questions about cells. Despite the previous touching moment of friendship between Rebecca and Deborah, it quickly becomes clear that Deborahs paranoia has not disappeared overnight. What objective details suggest that Henrietta was a devoted and loving mother? Moores doctor and the University of California appeal.1991 The Supreme Court of California rules against John Moore, saying that once tissues are removed from the body, with or without consent, a person no longer owns those tissues.1996 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act makes it illegal for healthcare providers or health insurers to make personal medical information public.1999 The RAND Corporation publishes a report with a conservative estimate that more than 307 million tissue samples from more than 178 million people are stored in the United States alone. Describe Skloots visit to the Lacks family cemetery. What are the connotations of the two sets of terms? Thirty-seven years after Henriettas death, sixteen-year-old Rebecca Skloot was a high school student sitting in a biology class when her instructor mentioned that HeLa, the first immortal human cell line ever grown in culture, had been taken from an African American woman named Henrietta Lacks. He attempts to sue Hopkins and the Lackses for refusing to allow him access to Henriettas medical records. 8. Chapter Twenty-Two: The Fame She So Richly Deserves 1. 4. About the Guide The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks contains three main narratives, each with unique applications to the disciplines of language arts, history, and science. Compare and contrast the medical research likely performed on Elsie with Geys research and Southams research. This section became known as Lacks Town.Alfred Cheetah CarterDeborahs first husband. Emanuel Mandel director of medicine at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital (JCDH) who partnered with Southam in unethical experiments. Lacks was a poor black tobacco farmer who died of cervical cancer in 1951 at the age of thirty-one, leaving a husband and five children. She organized an effort to build a Henrietta Lacks museum. Explain how a neutralization test is used to determine a vaccines efficacy. 3. Explain the specific reasons why Zakariyya feels disrespected. 4. What did Deborah hope would happen as a result of the BBC documentary? What specific things did Deborah ask Skloot to promise she would do? Chapter Twenty-Eight: After London 1. She was institutionalized due to epilepsy and died at age 15. The There is often a tension between religious faith and science. 2. Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole. Gary tells Deborah that her quest to find out about Elsie and Henrietta has been a way of honoring her mother. Explain what he means by saying this. Deborah shifts between joy at finding out new information about her mother and panic at each new fact. 4. How did prison change Joe? Explain how the sale of HeLa evolved into a business. Teachers are encouraged to adapt some of the prompts for use in debates or Socratic seminars. She was a poor black tobacco farmer whose cellstaken without her knowledge in 1951became one of the most important tools in medicine, vital for developing the polio vaccine, cloning, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization, and more. Describe how Deborah found out about her mothers painful death. Does the title of this chapter evoke an emotional response from you? What controversial beliefs did Carrell have? Struggling with distance learning? Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Deborah and Zakariyya accompanied Skloot to visit Lengauer at Hopkins in order to see the HeLa cells. Discount, Discount Code Discuss the methods by which a nonfiction writer is able to recreate dialogue and recount descriptions of historical events and locations. During her surgery to remove the cancer, they took a sample of a tumor in her cervix to have it examined in the lab. What details suggest that Carrels claims about the immortal cell line were not scientifically sound? He became known as a vigilante. Explain why Golds journalism could be considered irresponsible and/or unethical. 2. Describe Rogerss interaction with the Lacks family. If Gey did speak to Henrietta just before she died, do you think she would have understood what immortal cells were? TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. 5. 10. Analyze the authors purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. Some rooms had drains on the floor rather than toilets. Investigator and Author for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. What do the names of the creek and the river suggest about life in Lacks Town? Prologue: The Woman in the Photograph 1. Look back over Skloots description of Zakariyyas apartment. Christopher Lengauer cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins who helped develop FISH, a technique used to detect and identify DNA sequences, and who reached out to members of the Lacks family. How old were Henriettas oldest (Lawrence) and youngest (Joe) children when their mother died? Describe the relationship between Crazy Joe and Henrietta. Photo courtesy: GettyImages. Zakariyya uses the term disrespect to describe Geys treatment of Henrietta and the family. 2. She was institutionalized. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. 2. After getting out of jail, Zakariyya Rahman participates in a number of research studies in exchange for monetary compensation. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Reverend James Pullum Deborahs second ex-husband, a former steel-mill worker who became a preacher. Henrietta went to her house after radiation treatments at Johns Hopkins. And who carries our memories? 6. 13. She worried that something bad had happened to her sister in that hospital, and that maybe she was used in some kind of research like their mother. Lacks was summarily hospitalized and received a round of brachytherapy, a radiation treatment that involves physically inserting radium tubes into the cancerous area. Deborah submitted a request to have copies made of Elsie Lacks medical records, and Lurz left Skloot and Deborah with some archival documents to look through while he made the copies. In spite of her deliberate decision to not read her mothers medical records, Deborah Lacks still learned extremely upsetting details about her mothers illness and autopsy. He and his wife, Ethel, moved in with Day after Henriettas death to helptake care of the children. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. What subjective conclusions can you make about Mama Speed based on the objective details on page 72? 4. Deborah feels possessive of Henriettas records because theyre all she has left of her mothera tragic but understandable confession. How soon after Henriettas death did the media attempt to write about her? The Long Road to Clover 2009. Explain the significance of the gift that Skloot delivered to Deborah at their first meeting. 5. 4. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. This section depicts the central injustice faced by the Lacks family: their foremother's cells were taken without their consent and enabled many of the medical miracles of the 21st century, but they cannot afford health insurance. How does Deborah Lacks initially respond to Skloots request for information? What does Deborahs comment to Lurz that if you gonna go into history, you cant do it with a hate attitude tell you about the type of person she is? Project MUSE Culture . What conclusion did they draw about George Gey and Johns Hopkins? Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. She recovers well and is determined to learn more about her mother, but she doesn't have the money to continue with school. Why did Johns Hopkins start a medical school and hospital in a poor black neighborhood? 7. 8. How long had Henrietta been dead when her family found out that her cells were still alive? Henrietta was diagnosed with cervical cancer shortly after his birth. He also tells Deborah that her mother's cancer was caused by a virus, so she is unlikely to develop the same disease herself. 6. WebLucille Elsie Lacks. College and Career Success/Interdisciplinary. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Cliff Garrett Henriettas cousin. What effect did sensationalized journalism and fiction about HeLa and cell cloning have on Deborah? Why didnt Henriettas family know that her cells were still alive? From a single, abbreviated life grew a seemingly immortal line of cells that made some of the most crucial innovations in modern science possible. 5. Summarize the main obstacles Gey and his assistants faced in their effort to grow cells. Gladys' son Gary, who is a lay preacher, comes in. Carefully reread the speech Deborah gave at Morehouse College, paying particular attention to her repetition of the word understanding. Why do you think understanding HeLa was so important to Deborah? Moreover, her son Alfred is going to trial right after the conference. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. How has this right evolved over the course of American history? 8. 4. 2. 5. Although most of Crownsvilles medical records from between 1910 and the late fifties had been destroyedthe documents had become contaminated with asbestosLurz had saved some clothbound books full of autopsy reports. Elsie Lacks, Henriettas youngest child, had been committed to Crownsville Hospital Center for alleged cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and a diagnosis of idiocy (273). Why did the Lacks family think the doctors were taking their blood? About The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Summary, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Video, Read the Study Guide for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Henrietta Lacks: Used as a Means to an End, The Nature of Henrietta Lacks' Immortality, Introduction to The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Bibliography, View the lesson plan for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, View Wikipedia Entries for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. Explain your answer. She also explores the birth and life of the immortal cell line HeLa, and shows how research involving HeLa has changed the landscape of medical research, leading to not only scientific and medical breakthroughs, but also new and evolving policies concerning the rights of patients and research subjects. 5. How did Southam justify his decision to inject HeLa cells into patients without their knowledge or consent? 2. What burden does he ask to be lifted from Deborah? 6. Were they informed about the research and its risks? What belief of Deborahs does his attitude affirm? Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Explain how HeLa cells were used in each situation. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Before You Read Point out the differences between the genres of historical fiction and nonfiction. In spite of her deliberate decision to not read her mothers medical records, Deborah Lacks still learned extremely upsetting details about her mothers illness and autopsy. 7. What legal options do the Lackses have? Why do you think his interaction is so different from anyone the Lackses encountered at Johns Hopkins up until this point? One of the important issues raised by Skloots book is the ethics of journalism. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Explain the numerous ways that the Lacks familys right to privacy was violated. Sonny and Lawrence repeat the refrain Thats a miracle, when discussing the scientific advances made possible by their mothers cells. In the Afterword, Skloot summarizes the main issues and legislation surrounding the collection and use of human tissue samples.
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