kegworth air disaster human factors

[12], After the initial blade fracture, Captain Kevin Hunt had disengaged the plane's autopilot. Frank Taylor, from the Cranfield College of Aeronautics, says: considerably behind their military colleagues, are beginning to recognise 8600 Rockville Pike As we approach the 30th anniversary of Kegworth, our thoughts are with the families and loved one of the 47 people who lost their lives as well as those who survived this tragic event. "_@fDFsxtz). The captain is supposed to have full access to the plane, including visibility, instead of relying on the crew for information. [5][6][7], The flight was crewed by 43-year-old Captain Kevin Hunt and 39-year-old First Officer David McClelland. About 10% of air accidents are as a result of sabotage. East Mediterr Health J. These included the 1972 Staines, 1989 Kegworth, 2009 Colgan Air and 2016 Dubai accidents. The pilots had been used to the older version of the aircraft and did not realise that this aircraft (which had been flown by British Midland for only 520 hours over a two-month period) was different. Somchai The autothrottle attempted to compensate for this by increasing the fuel flow to the engine. The Kegworth Air Disaster 8th January 1989 British (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. The presentation reviewed how relatively crude computer-based modelling of hbbd```b``Z"+dd9fHdH&Q g$:A$2*' h6l0 !5 endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 76 0 obj <>stream The sharing of information will sanction the cabin team to confront the aircraft troop of any mistake regardless of the period they are engaged. The captain believed the right engine was malfunctioning due to the smell of smoke, possibly because in previous Boeing 737 models the air for the air conditioning system was taken from the right engine. They did not assimilate the indications on the engine instrument display before they throttled back the No.2 engine. As soon as the No.2 engine had been shut down, all evidence of smoke cleared from the flight deck which further convinced the Commander that he had made the correct decision, not least in that No.1 engine showed no signs of malfunctioning and continued to operate albeit at reduced power and with increased fuel flow. Braithwaite, Ian [citation needed], The dials on the two vibration gauges (one for each engine) were smaller than on the previous versions of the 737 in which the pilots had the majority of their experience and the LED needle went around the outside of the dial as opposed to the inside. [9] Several passengers sitting near the rear of the plane noticed smoke and sparks coming from the left engine. The errors are made by the and High rates of psychiatric morbidity are found in survivors of transportation disasters. Weband the human factors base analysis of accidents and incidents is still contributing to operational performance improvements. [15], When the pilots shut down the right engine, they could no longer smell the smoke, which led them to believe that they had correctly dealt with the problem. VAT registration number 705 3242 69. He noted the value of such accidents being referenced in human factors courses to illustrate specific hazards and training points. and [20] A former Royal Marine, he helped passengers for over three hours and subsequently received damages for post-traumatic stress disorder. Method Sixty-eight of the 79 survivors (86%) were assessed at of the work written by professional essay writers. 2003 Jun;182:532-6. doi: 10.1192/bjp.182.6.532. At nine hundred feet there was a sudden decrease in power from the No.1 engine. The AAIB report concluded that the combination of engine vibration, noise and the smell of fire were outside the flight deck crews area of expertise. 1996. 2015. OE, MISARI Patterson, Mal The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The chronology of these events is therefore particularly important in helping to analyse the failure chain that led up to the crash. Sixty-eight of the 79 survivors (86%) were assessed at a clinical interview within one year of the disaster. 2014 Apr 23;9(4):e96131. As is often the case with aircraft crash investigation, a sequence of human and operational errors tends to produce a domino effect in which it is the inertia of one event beyond another that results in a catastrophic conclusion (Job,1996; 173). Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Board for Research into Aircraft Crash Events, List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft, "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-4Y0 G-OBME Kegworth", "British Midland Airways G-OBME (Boeing 737 MSN 23867)", "Kegworth air disaster: Plane crash survivors' stories", "Why did British Midland plane crash on the M1 near Kegworth? The pilots believed this indicated a fault in the right engine, since earlier models of the 737 ventilated the cabin from the right, and they were unaware that the 737-400 used a different system. 9, pp. 2001. Despite indication that the fire was emanating from the other engine neither passengers nor cabin crew alerted the flight crew to this fact. Michel, Per-Olof Consequently the command was issued to throttle back the No.2 engine. points out mitigating circumstances for their actions, highlighting the From the broadcast, the captain and first officer admitted to having asked the team for confirmation, before reducing the thrust and shutting off the right engine. Any type of essay. Piccinelli, Marco WebThe majority also completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the Zung Anxiety and Depression Scales. 2009. Also, the model 400 Boeing series worked differently compared to other versions. Shortly after shutting down No.2 engine BMA Operations requested the aircraft divert to the East Midland Airport (AAIB,1980; 40). 2 0 obj For instance, the ventilation system was not similar and, thus, the confusion on determining the faulty engine. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. SC043254. G-OBME itself had been in service for 85 days, since 15 October 1988, and had accumulated 521 airframe hours. The evaluation of human factors in the cockpit is taking place against In order to extrapolate the events of that day it is necessary to examine a chain of events rather than to study each constituent error or malfunction in turn. hb```f``g`a` B@V8F] w x\mo8 AuQ$1sd&3C0j[H8[/D$X,V*=:9y(==?%|J&yUTQ } Psychological Consequences of the Kegworth Air Disaster, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. eCollection 2015. % In case you cant find a sample example, our professional writers are ready to help you with writing your own paper. Ivor Amos presented the vote of thanks to an Any subject. 132-152. Foster was born in Leicester in 1955, an only child and raised in Hong Kong where his father, John, was a Church of England dean. Pison, Greet IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK, Tel: +44 (0)116 350 0700 Maruoka, Takayuki wq'0t0p4 bA #7!99?vh|A Because this was an upgrade to an existing engine, the engine had only ever been tested in a laboratory, not under actual flight conditions. The scene of the disaster, with the runway that G-OBME failed to reach at the top of the picture, Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom, British Crown Dependencies, and British Overseas Territories, The aircraft was a Boeing 737-400 model; Boeing assigns a. McClelland was the pilot flying until the engine failure, after which Captain Hunt took control. The .gov means its official. [10] The flight was diverted to nearby East Midlands Airport[11] at the suggestion of British Midland Airways Operations. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. 02 January 2018. [26] As it was an upgrade to an existing engine, in-flight testing was not mandatory, and the engine had only been tested in the laboratory. Kleber, Rolf J. and The majority also completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the Zung Anxiety and Depression Scales. Norris, Fran H. Registered charity in England and Wales No. PMC Visanuyothin, Taweesin 4. for this article. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. 1999. They selected full thrust from the malfunctioning one and this increased its fuel supply, causing it to catch fire. [23], The smell of smoke disappeared when the autothrottle was disengaged and the right engine shut down due to reduction of fuel to the damaged left engine as it reverted to manual throttle. f>+-`Hq00_I3\0 V endstream endobj 40 0 obj <>/Metadata 6 0 R/Pages 37 0 R/StructTreeRoot 11 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 41 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 595.32 841.92]/Parent 37 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 42 0 obj <>stream Kegworth Air Disaster , 2008 Slide 1 2. aviation accidents caused by human factors, Things Worth Knowing About Airport Facility Management, Japan Airlines Flight 123: Crash in the mountains, Once the deadliest single plane crash ever: Turkish Airlines Flight 981, Deadliest Plane Crash in History(KLM Flight 4805 & Pan Am Flight 1736), PRELIMINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT of Yeti Airline 9N-ANC (ATR 72-212A, MSN: 754) Aircraft, Mysteriously Passenger Reached Udaipur via Indigo, All 72 Dead in Crash of Yeti Airline after Nose Diving : French Expert Team Begins Probe, Untold Story of Mystery of Malaysian Airlines MH370 Part 2, S7 Airlines IS All Set To Return Leased Boeing 737 Max THE AVIATION BUZZ. MAEDA, MASAHARU Starting with the Boeing 737-400 variant, Boeing had redesigned the system to use bleed air from both engines. Prayers have been said to commemorate the lives of 47 people killed in one of Britain's worst air disasters. Besnard, D., Greathead, G., and Baxter, G., (2004) International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. [10], Alan Webb, the chief fire officer at East Midlands Airport, was made an MBE in the 1990 New Year Honours list for the co-ordination of his team in the rescue efforts that followed the crash. Psychopharmacol Bull. British Midland Airways last month sacked the two pilots who were at 2004. and and Pellegrino, Lori The British flight 92, Midland Boeing 737-400, was headed to Belfast Ireland from Heathrow Airport before crashing into and embarkment in M1, thirteen minutes after the takeoff. Coming not long after the 1985 Manchester tragedy, the Kegworth accident was another blow to an aviation industry that was still reeling from the Tenerife disaster - an accident involving the worst loss of life in a single event - less than ten years before. WebWhat Human Factors were recognized in the design of the engine instruments? However, only 76 of these were logged in Boeing 737-400 series aircraft (Hunt 23 hours and McClelland 53 hours). The aircraft was powered by two CFM International CFM56 turbofan engines. Well even meet a 3-hour deadline. FOIA Flight 092 was also featured in an episode of Seconds From Disaster, called "Motorway Plane Crash". The crash was featured in a 1991 documentary of Taking Liberties named "Fatal Error". Background: 117-128. The ground proximity warning system activated, sounding several "glideslope" warnings. *Cancel anytime within 14 days of payment to receive a refund on unserved issues. Of the 126 people aboard, 47 died and 74 sustained serious injuries.The inquiry attributed the blade fracture to metal fatigue, caused by heavy vibration in the newly upgraded engines, which had been tested only in the laboratory and not under representative flight conditions.Song: Arn Andersson - Farewell lifeall rights go to air crash investigation*a fair use* The study sought to quantify psychiatric morbidity among survivors of a major air crash and to identify aetiological factors linked with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). WebThey possessed button down the good engine, non the engine that was faulty. O'Neill, Tony Well, social issues cannot be controlled primarily, the unexpected ones; however, it is best to observe the avoidable ones. and Dr Denis Besnard of Newcastle university analysed the Kegworth air crash, concluding The pilots of the B737 were caught in what is known as a confirmation bias where, instead of looking for contrary evidence, humans tend to overestimate consistent data. Their truck had been on the motorway when the crash occurred. hb```f``g`a` B@V8F] w f>+-`Hq00_I3\0 V endstream endobj 40 0 obj <>/Metadata 6 0 R/Pages 37 0 R/StructTreeRoot 11 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 41 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 595.32 841.92]/Parent 37 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 42 0 obj <>stream Shortly after taking off a fan They reacted to the initial engine problem prematurely and in a way that was contrary to their training. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. Lastly, the lack of communication and miscalculations also triggered the crash. Delmeire, Laure Yet it also The aircraft hit the ground at 8.24 p.m. at a speed of 115 knots. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Curran, Peter fact that pilots operate in a complex and changing technical environment. [8], After taking off from Heathrow at 19:52,[b] Flight BD 092 was climbing through 28,300 feet (8,600m) to reach its cruising altitude of 35,000 feet (11,000m) when a blade detached from the fan of the port (left) engine. Human factors contribute to more than seventy percent of airplane accidents compared to other factors. WebWhat Human Factors were neglected in the; Question: Cockpit Design and the Kegworth Air Disaster (Indi vidual Assignment ) Write at least a one page paper (double spaced) covering the below questions as well as any of your own observations on how the chapter material relates to this situation. Finally the flight crew did not verify their interpretation of events by consulting with cabin staff or passengers even though information to suggest the fault lay with the other engine on the aircraft was available at the time. Katz, Craig L. 3. "useRatesEcommerce": false Results: 2002. and Besides, the passengers must put their legs and knees together while leaning to the front. Some of the observations about the environment in which the two pilots and The crew of G-OBME do not seem to have been aware that newer ones were, however, more reliable. xeRn0+|LGB*48~ R1q}n%cwfv&hW7$a"JKFCgY. Would you like email updates of new search results? For example, captain Kevin Hunt stated that the passengers and the crew did not inform him of the era; the passengers could have reported their seats. At 8.05 p.m. as the aircraft was climbing through flight level 283 the crew experienced severe vibration and a smell of fire. (AAIB, 1980). [citation needed] Several cabin staff and passengers noticed that the left engine had a stream of unburnt fuel igniting in the jet exhaust, but this information was not passed to the pilots because cabin staff assumed they were aware that the left engine was malfunctioning. This damaged the engine terminally and also upset its delicate balance, causing a reduction in power and an increase in vibration. [18], Of the 118 passengers on board, 39 were killed outright in the crash and eight died later of their injuries, for a total of 47 fatalities. When mental models go wrong. All eight crew members survived the accident. hkkJ|l9 {h5V#K-JN8Ci1:;#hX@\@?@! sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal PLoS One. Hagh-Shenas H, Goodarzi MA, Farajpoor M, Zamyad A. The research into this accident led to the formation on 21 November 2016 of the International Board for Research into Aircraft Crash Events, which is a joint co-operation between experts in the field for the purpose of producing an internationally agreed-upon, evidence-based set of impact bracing positions for passengers and (eventually) cabin crew members in a variety of seating configurations. A Review of Psychopharmacological Interventions Post-Disaster to Prevent Psychiatric Sequelae. Confirmation bias, i.e. Render date: 2023-04-30T18:57:43.840Z Struyf, Anja The Significantly, the flight crew of 092 had little belief in the accuracy of key instrumentation including vibration meters. [1]British Midland Flight 92The wreck of an airliner lies between roads roughly 100m to the right of approach lights and several hundred metres in front of a runway. WebIn the early 1990s, following the UK Kegworth air disaster (8 January 1989 [1] ), a research project was undertaken by a group of surgeons, air accident investigators and pathologists to analyse the injury profile of the passengers and crew on board the aircraft. Hence, new instructions on the brace position were generated. Morgan L, Scourfield J, Williams D, Jasper A, Lewis G. Br J Psychiatry. In 2015, the incident was featured in the episode "Choosing Sides" or "M1 Plane Crash" of the documentary television series Mayday or Air Crash Investigation as it is known in the UK. from the glass TV screens that take the place of the devices which previously The study sought to quantify psychiatric morbidity among survivors of a major air crash and to identify aetiological factors linked with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Kegworth air disaster occurred when a Boeing 737-400 crashed on to the embankment of the M1 motorway near Kegworth, Leicestershire: England: while attempting to make an emergency landing at East Midlands Airport on 8 January 1989. We made a mistake we both made mistakes but the question we would like answered is why we made those mistakes. Captain Hunt would have been unaware of this fact, which formed a critical part of his decision to shut down the wrong engine. The Kegworth air crash was therefore the result of a sequence of failures originating from a mechanical defect. Results: Fifty-four of the study group The majority also completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the Zung Anxiety and Depression Scales. The crash resulted from the confusion because when the right motor was disengaged, the vibrations were terminated to confirm the troops prognosis. and Ast, Friedrich-Wilhelm Those who saw injured or dead people at the scene, or had sustained less severe injuries as measured by their Injury Severity Scores, or were under 35 years old, were significantly more likely to develop PTSD. [27] Evaluation of the injuries sustained led to considerable improvements in aircraft safety and emergency instructions for passengers. Whilst simulators can help train for emergency procedures it is questionable how valuable such procedures may be, particularly if the crew have not been thoroughly trained on the unique procedural and technical requirements involved in flying a particular aircraft variant. The pilots mistakenly shut down the functioning engine. Friedman, Matthew J. 5. Apart from the coincidence of the smoke vanishing when the auto-throttle was disengaged, the pilots may have also been in the habit of disregarding the readings of vibration warning meters, since early ones were perceived to be unreliable. Of the 79 survivors, 74 suffered serious injuries and five suffered minor injuries. The outputs from these studies, as well as the accident reports themselves, proved so significant that changes were made to cabin furnishings and materials and the structural integrityof the aircraft's cabin, and the emergency procedures taught to cabin crew. He did not resume the review after the transmission ended, and instead commenced descent. 2013. 2019 Jan 14;10(1):1554406. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1554406. Gnther, Detlef It is still regarded as a miracle that no-one on the motorway was hurt. The people of Kegworth are accustomed to the rumble of landing aircraft. But the thunderous rattle that shook their homes that quiet Sunday evening, as many of them settled down to watch television, was something else entirely. In summarising the cause of the accident, The Aircraft Accident Report stated The cause of the accident was that the operating crew shut down the No.2 engine after a fan blade had fractured in the No.1 engine. The inquiry attributed the blade fracture to metal fatigue, caused by heavy vibration in the newly upgraded engines, which had been tested only in the laboratory and not under representative flight conditions. eCollection 2014. Subsequent research has critically concluded that organisational failures create the necessary preconditions for human error and organisational failures also exacerbate the consequences of those errors (Stanton, 1994; 63). Maes, Michael Delmeire, Laure This is both startling and critical when considering the following points. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. As the aircraft climbed, there was loud bang, vibrations, and a smell of burning. 'C-f'WohOWrvU!ow$2@%rJ %gGt.b^pM*\:@o]{p[|wQ|a *Iu PFa)=A&+7p-65/W1^|$8 #/$(K i|EQ 8F19t~/6tnQt?lLhs13._b!{|SD^^&Ad8;R6= : endstream endobj 43 0 obj <>stream and Carr, Vaughan J. Boeing 737 Max Makes Its Way Back In Sky : How Is It Performing? Additionally, cognitive error on the part of the flight As we near the 30th anniversary of the Kegworth air disaster (8 January), Martin Brennan, Vice-Chair of the IOSH Aviation and Aerospace Group, discusses how the tragic event led to industry-wide change. London, Taylor and Francis Ltd. UNITED KINGDOM. Wilkinson, Greg <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 11 0 R 12 0 R 20 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Specifically, Captain Hunt had not received training on the new model 737-400 since no simulators for this variant existed in the UK at that time. [20] Aid was also given by an eight strong troop of SAS soldiers, four of whom were regimentally qualified paramedics. The aviation world has dubbed those WebThe Kegworth accident occurred when a Boeing 737400, crashed onto the embankment of the M1 motorway. a hole that someone else has dug for them.. System safety. At 20:24:33, Captain Hunt broadcast to the passengers via the aircraft's public-address system: "Prepare for crash landing," instructing passengers to take the brace position. endobj The last attempt to save the aircraft also failed after trying the Engine Failure and Shutdown Checklist. According to the captain and first officer, the options were not reinitiated after they suspended; before the takeoff, several ATC communications like descent clearance, heading changes, and radio frequencies could not be accessed. I am in total agreement with the causes given by NTSB because an aircraft cannot crash because of a single issue. Lewin, Terry J. During the second leg of the shuttle the aircraft climbed initially to six thousand feet where it levelled-off for about two minutes before receiving clearance to climb to a flight level of twelve thousand feet. Further to this, safety is now incorporated into the design and certification process for new aircraft, and manufacturers must demonstrate that a fully loaded aircraft can be completely evacuated through 50% of the emergency exits in less than 90 seconds, before a new aircraft model is given its certification by an authority. and For instance, the cockpit management team went through thorough training to avoid any human factor issues. Preparing to land at the East Midlands airport, the aircraft (tail marked G-OBME) plummeted onto an embankment of the M1 motorway near Kegworth, Leicestershire, killing 47 people and seriously injuring a further 74, including seven members of the flight crew. and 2002. This engine subsequently suffered a major thrust loss due to secondary fan damage after power had been increasing during the final approach to land (AAIB 1980, 35). The relationship Further studies are needed to identify those at most risk and to evaluate the benefits of psychological intervention. Whilst he was conducting the review, however, he was interrupted by a transmission from East Midlands Airport informing him he could descend further to 12,000 feet (3,700m) in preparation for the diverted landing. It's the right one". Birmes, Philippe The actual cause of the malfunction was a broken turbine, itself the result of metal fatigue caused by excessive vibration. It was also featured in the 2011 Discovery Channel documentary Aircrash Confidential.[33]. [online] available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/8 [accessed 2 March 2007], Besnard, D. (2005) International Aviation and Fire Protection Association. Category: 8 January 1989 Aircraft type: Boeing 737-400 Location: Near Kegworth, Leicestershire Registration: G-OBME. 63-92. the overloading of consciousness by a quantity of bewildering or conflicting data was also established as a primary cause of the crash when investigated by a research team from the University of York and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. In April 1991, he told a BBC documentary: "We were the easy optionthe cheap option if you wish. Trger, Hans Dieter CS5032 Case study Kegworth air disaster 1. Momma H, Niu K, Kobayashi Y, Huang C, Otomo A, Chujo M, Tadaura H, Nagatomi R. PLoS One. Eur J Psychotraumatol. The captain disengaged the auto-pilot and was flying manually, while the first officer unsuccessfully tried to the radio broadcast at EMA (East Midlands Airport) to gauge the weather. 3 0 obj Most notably, it is defined as twelve Human factors that cause operator mistakes and human errors which has been identified as the underlying causes behind 2018 Feb 21;6(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40359-018-0216-5. The investigation into the disaster found human error to be a principal cause of the crash. The site is secure. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Since the Kegworth crash all significantly redesigned turbofan engines must be tested under actual flight conditions. One survivor, Gareth Jones, described the moment when the plane hit the ground as follows: There was a shudder, crash, like a massive motor car accident, crunch, blackness, and I was by the emergency hatch. (BBC, 1989). Total loading time: 0 Funayama, Michitaka Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Psychological consequences of the Enniskillen bombing. 2017 Jan 26;47(1):8-26. The Tenerife event moved the industry from its focus on the mechanics of an event to one where Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Human Factors concepts became more widely considered and embedded in each organisation's safety efforts. The role of war stressors, Impact of Events Scale: a measure of subjective stress, The Nottingham, Leicester, Derby Aircraft Accident Study: preliminary report three weeks after the accident. Multiple diagnosis in posttraumatic stress disorder. Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-knlg2 The aircraft could have been attacked by saboteurs. WebThe fundamental objectives of human factors are to prevent and reduce human centric errors that lead to undesirable consequences. Hirschowitz, Jack Air Accidents Investigation Branch (1990) Boeing 737-400, G-OBME, near Kegworth, Leicestershire 8th January 1989, number 4/90. David Owen, Air Accident Investigation: Patrick Stephens Limited, 2001, ISBN 0-7509-4495-1. (The Kegworth air disaster is given a detailed mention in Chapter 9, "Pressing the Wrong Button") Trimble, E J (1990), Report No: 4/1990. Bhugra, Dinesh Hamilton, Stephen The aircraft was then cleared to descend to two thousand feet and, after joining the centre line at two thousand feet above ground level (agl) the Commander called for the landing gear to be lowered and fifteen degrees to be applied to the flaps. and At 8.20 p.m. at a height of three thousand feet power was increased on the No.1 engine. hkkJ|l9 {h5V#K-JN8Ci1:;#hX@\@?@! D., Greathead, G. & Baxter, G, 2004; 117-119). Feature Flags: { that the pilots acted hastily and contrary to their training. Disclaimer. National Library of Medicine The Kegworth air disaster occurred when British Midland Airways Flight 092, a Boeing 737-400, crashed onto the motorway embankment between the M1 motorway and A453 road near Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, while attempting to make an emergency landing at East Midlands Airport on 8 January 1989. Maes, Michael The wreck is broken into three large pieces, a nose section, a central section and a tail section. The Aberfan disaster: 33-year follow-up of survivors.

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