A few distinct cell types and densely packed fibers in a matrix characterize these tissues. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue: regular and irregular. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers cartilage. . The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. Q. It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. These serve to hold organs and other tissues in place and, in the case of adipose tissue, isolate and store energy reserves. In all cases, overuse of the joint causes a microtrauma that initiates the inflammatory response. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. Surgical repair of a tendon is painful. Areolar tissue shows little specialization. It serves to connect the cutaneous membrane to the underlying organs. Which type of tissue is being studied? The formed elements circulating in blood are all derived from hematopoietic stem cells located in bone marrow ([link]). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. In case of severe pain, X-rays can be examined to rule out the possibility of a bone injury. The matrix is the most abundant . What are the 3 types of connective tissue fibers? Fibersfunction in support; secreted by fibroblasts. It derives its name from the Latin reticulus, which means little net.. (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), (a) Dense regular connective tissue consists of collagenous fibers packed into parallel bundles. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the movement of the body. Want to create or adapt books like this? On rare occasions, a sudden serious injury will cause tendinitis. In some tissues, fibers crisscross and form a mesh. Menisci in the knee joint and the intervertebral discs are examples of fibrocartilage. The dermis of the skin is an example of dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen fibers. reticular. Tendinitis is routinely diagnosed through a clinical examination. The matrix plays a major role in the functioning of this tissue. Cancellous bone, also known as spongy bone, looks like a sponge under the microscope (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)) and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. Cross-linking . Lymph contains a liquid matrix and white blood cells. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The knee and jaw joints and the intervertebral discs are examples of fibrocartilage. Composed mainly of dense connective tissues, it serves as a tough, internal framework that surrounds muscles, bones, and nerves. The macrophage cell is a large cell derived from a monocyte, a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from the blood vessels. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Fluid tissue, for example blood and lymph, is characterized by a liquid matrix and no supporting fibers. Bone tissue is highly vascularized. All connective tissues derive from the mesodermal layer of the embryo. This ground substance is usually a fluid, but it can also be mineralized and solid, as in bones. Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. A histologist examines a tissue slide and observes many fibers tightly packed together in a parallel arrangement. Cartilage contains chondrocytes and is somewhat flexible. She issues a stern warning about the risk of aggravating the condition and the possibility of surgery. The many mitochondria in the cytoplasm of brown adipose tissue help explain its efficiency at metabolizing stored fat. Some white blood cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines blood vessels and enter adjacent tissues. Connective tissue in the tendon does not have abundant blood supply and heals slowly. Creative Commons Attribution License A plate of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bone allows continued growth until adulthood. The lymphatic system is a part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally towards the heart. Two major forms of supportive connective tissue, cartilage and bone, allow the body to maintain its posture and protect internal organs. Can you name the 10 tissue types shown in the histology slides? Dense Connective Tissue. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Areolar connective tissue. Cellularity Composed almost entirely of cells with minimal extra cellular material Specialized contacts Cells joined by special junctions to stick together and communicate. White adipose tissue is most abundant. Visit this link to test your connective tissue knowledge with this 10-question quiz. As we explained in Chapter 1, tissues are organized into organs such as the kidneys and heart. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation. A histologist examines a tissue slide and observes many fibers tightly packed together in a parallel arrangement. wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid connective tissue proper; loose connective tissue, adipose provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs connective tissue proper; loose connective tissue, reticular The distinctive appearance of cartilage is due to polysaccharides called chondroitin sulfates, which bind with ground substance proteins to form proteoglycans. White adipose tissue can be found protecting the kidneys and cushioning the back of the eye. Chemical reactions (metabolism) are essential for cells to function and, thus, for the body as a whole to maintain boundaries, move, respond, digest, excrete, grow, and reproduce--all necessary life functions. This tissue is no longer present after birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the body. Lymphatic capillaries are extremely permeable, allowing larger molecules and excess fluid from interstitial spaces to enter the lymphatic vessels. Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? This type of tissue gives the walls of large arteries and respiratory passages strength and the ability to regain original shape after stretching. She consoles you by mentioning that well known tennis players such as Venus and Serena Williams and Rafael Nadal have also suffered from tendinitis related injuries. -Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid. Organ capsules (collagenous type) and walls of arteries (elastic type) contain dense irregular connective tissue. Wraps and cushions organs 2. Some cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines vessels and enter adjacent tissues. A radioactive 60Co^{60} \mathrm{Co}60Co nucleus emits a gamma ray of wavelength 0.931012m0.93 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{m}0.931012m. Elastic fibers contain the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. Cartilaginous tissue is avascular, thus all nutrients need to diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. The game is over for now. most widely distributed connective tissue; soft and pliable, can soak up excess fluid; Function: binds skin to underlying tissue, holds structures together. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix. Some white blood cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines blood vessels and enter adjacent tissues. Examples of typical dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues consisting primarily of collagen fibers are shown in (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). The example is from dog tissue. Tug gently at your ear lobes, and notice that the lobes return to their initial shape. Discuss how blood fulfills this role. Reticular tissue is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver ([link]). The many mitochondria in the cytoplasm of brown adipose tissue help explain its efficiency at metabolizing stored fat. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. Bone is the hardest connective tissue. Hyaline cartilage is smooth and clear, covers the articulating surfaces of bones, and is found in the growing portion of bones. Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy are called lacunae (singular = lacuna). Cellularity, specialized contacts, polarity, supported by connective tissue, and regeneration. Clusters of mesenchymal cells are scattered throughout adult tissue and supply the cells needed for replacement and repair after a connective tissue injury. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. A large number of capillaries allow rapid storage and mobilization of lipid molecules. energy- rich fat cells - richly vascularized (provide blood vessels, high metabolic activity) What is the function of adipose tissue? What is the ground substance in typical connective tissue matrix? Fluid Connective Tissue. In this way, specialized lymphatic capillaries transport absorbed fats away from the intestine and deliver these molecules to the blood. The distinctive appearance of cartilage is due to polysaccharides called chondroitin sulfates, which bind with ground substance proteins to form proteoglycans. The mast cell, found in connective tissue proper, has many cytoplasmic granules. compact bone matrix includes ground substance and the following fiber: hyaline cartilage matrix includes ground substance and the following fiber: ___________ contains a large amount of an extracellular matrix. Dense regular connective tissue fibers are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. If the cobalt was initially at rest, use the conservation of momentum equation to determine its speed following the gamma ray emission. Young athletes, dancers, and computer operators; anyone who performs the same movements constantly is at risk for tendinitis. Most often, the condition results from repetitive motions over time that strain the tendons needed to perform the tasks. Fluid tissue, for example blood and lymph, is characterized by a liquid matrix and no supporting fibers. or it can form "ropes" (tendons and ligaments) of incredible strength. After examining your swollen wrist, the doctor in the emergency room announces that you have developed wrist tendinitis. Other cells move in and out of the connective tissue in response to chemical signals. Dense regular connective tissue fibers are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. The extracellular matrix contains fluid, proteins, polysaccharide derivatives, and, in the case of bone, mineral crystals. Heparin, also released as part of the inflammatory response, acts as an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. It fills the spaces between muscle fibers, surrounds blood and lymph vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity. Elastic cartilage can stretch and recoil to its original shape because of its high content of elastic fibers. You hear of tennis and golfers elbow, jumper's knee, and swimmers shoulder. Cartilage and bone are supportive tissue. store fat and protect organs Reticular connective tissue forms? A layer of dense irregular connective tissue, the perichondrium, encapsulates the cartilage. Organ capsules (collagenous type) and walls of arteries (elastic type) contain dense irregular connective tissue. While no treatment is currently available, it is often recommended that liquids be thickened to improve the safety of swallowing and prevent liquids from being . In loose connective tissue, the fibers are loosely organized, leaving large spaces in between. 3. the stronger the attraction between particles, the greater the surface tension. The ligaments in the vocal folds and between the vertebrae in the vertebral column are composed of dense regular elastic tissue. This tissue is no longer present after birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the body. The matrix contains very few blood vessels. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the clear, viscous, colorless matrix you now know as ground substance. In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. The formed elements circulating in blood are all derived from hematopoietic stem cells located in bone marrow (Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\)). Q. Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? The matrix plays a major role in the functioning of this tissue. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. This arrangement gives the tissue greater strength in all directions and less strength in one particular direction. San Antonio College, Whitney Menefee, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, & Kim-Leiloni Nguyen, ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative, Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology, Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive, and fluid, Explain the functions of connective tissues. Location: widely distributed under epithelia of body, mucous membranes, packages organs, surrounds capillaries Blood Function: Transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances Location: within blood vessels Bone The external ear contains elastic cartilage. Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting. why is blood classified as connective tissue? No blood vessels supply cartilage tissue. They originate in the mesodermal germ layer and differentiate from mesenchyme and hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The surface of hyaline cartilage is smooth. Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than does loose connective tissue. White fat contributes mostly to lipid storage and can serve as insulation from cold temperatures and mechanical injuries. . Dense irregular connective tissue. Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. - Reticular fibersbundles of special type of collagen. Keratin is a protein that helps strengthen the cells against abrasion. By the end of the section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Bones are made of a rigid, mineralized matrix containing calcium salts, crystals, and osteocytes lodged in lacunae. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, transport the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. By the end of this section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Specialized cells in connective tissue defend the body from microorganisms that enter the body. Dense connective tissue proper is richer in fibers and may be regular, with fibers oriented in parallel as in ligaments and tendons, or irregular, with fibers oriented in several directions. Injuries to cartilage heal very slowly because cells and nutrients needed for repair diffuse slowly to the injury site. In contrast, fixed macrophages are permanent residents of their tissues. Some applications require a ligament to balance tensile strength and elasticity, and thus contain elastic fibers in addition to collagen fibers that allow the ligament to return to its original length after stretching. LM 400. In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. With proper rest and managed care, you will be back on the court to hit that slice-spin serve over the net. -Located under epithelia and is widely distributed. The soot particle has a charge of 4.51011C4.5 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{C}4.51011C. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, a variety of specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins in a liquid extracellular matrix. Reticular cells produce the reticular fibers that form the network onto which other cells attach. - Location(s): widely distributed under epithelia of body; forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries Both tissues have a variety of cell types and protein fibers suspended in a viscous ground substance. As you might expect, a fibrocyte, a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper. With proper rest and managed care, you will be back on the court to hit that slice-spin serve over the net. Test Match Created by bouselel Terms in this set (17) Four Types Of Tissue Connective, Muscular, Epithelial, Nervous Areolar Wraps and cushions organs; its phagocytes engulf bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid Stratified Squamous Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion Pseudostratified What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? Bone is a highly vascularized tissue. A. Fibroblasts are present in all connective tissue proper ([link]). The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. A second type of embryonic connective tissue forms in the umbilical cord, called mucous connective tissue or Whartons jelly. Reticular fiber is also formed from the same protein subunits as collagen fibers; however, these fibers remain narrow and are arrayed in a branching network.
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