Structurally Monte Gambanera is part of the Monte Judica Units (Lentini et al., 1987) and is inserted along the northern margin of the Gela Foredeep, in the geodynamic context of the southern end of the MaghrebianSicilian Southern Apennine nappes (Lentini et al., 1987; Grasso, 2001 inter alias). They are carnivores. The Healdiidae do also show a change of morphology with depth. 2018 Ogmoconchella felsooersensis (Kozur, 1970); Crasquin et al. A. Early Carnian of South Tyrol, Italy (Tollmann, 1976; Kristan-Tollmann, 1978); Rhaetian of Austrian Alps (Kristan-Tollmann, 1970) and Central Iran (Kristan-Tollmann et al., 1979); TuvalianCarnian Tropites dilleri zone (Crasquin et al., 2018) and Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). Tropites subbullatus . what are the total times for these periods, only do total time not all Time Span Scale Total Time Hadean Eon (Precambrian Time) 4.6 bya - 3.8 bya 460 cm - 380 cm . Similar taphonomic characteristics were also found by Pokorny (1964) and Oertli (1971) for pelitic layer associations deposited in basins with extremely rapid distal sedimentation. Dimensions. G-H: Petasobairdia jeandercourti n.sp. The genus Acratia is a typical Palaeozoic form present both in Eifelian (neritic) and Thuringian (deep) mega-assemblages (see synthesis in Crasquin and Horne, 2018). This species has a straight DB and presents a ridge at the dorso-median part of the RV. Gambanera. One complete carapace, collection number PMC O 29 H 13/10/2019 (Plate 2P). 2, figs. A species of Petasobairdia with a long reticulated carapace and elongated nodes at ADB and PDB of both valves. The third genus, Ogmoconchella was introduced by Grndel (1964) and emended by Michelsen (1975) mainly due to the presence of a spine at PVB. This species is extinct. We follow here the general classification of Moore (1961) and Horne et al. 2018 Bairdia cf. Occurrence. : 147, pl. 1995 Bairdia cassiana rotundidorsata n.ssp. I: Thaumatomma? B. Referring to the Dittaino river which flows near to the locus typicus. Over 200 specimens have been picked out from the two samples. The systematics of Mesozoic Healdiidae is quite complicated and an important revision is necessary. No new specific names are proposed but ample use is made of open nomen- . Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS66. How many. 1976 Hiatobairdia subsymmetricaKristan-Tollmann (1970); Tollmann: 276, pl. 14. 2, figs. In this stratigraphic horizon, cropping out near masseria Balconere at the west side of Mount Gambanera, two levels consisting of slightly silty clays have been sampled (Fig. Six right valves, eight left valves. 2, figs. 3. The Tropites subbullatus is from the Triassic period, the time following one of history's most significant mass extinction events that left a mere tenth of the planet's species intact. 5 . The Triassic forms belong to Hungarellinae Kristan-Tollmann (1971) and Liassic ones to the subfamily Pseudohealdiinae Grndel (1964) (Kristan-Tollmann, 1971). This modern theory then suggests that life originated on Earth by means of a rather slow evolution of nonliving matter. 1996 Polycope baudi n.sp. it looks like a snail because of its spiral shape Origin and Evolution of life by Cheyenne Solis ancestors Tropites subbullatus (Hauer, Reference Hauer 1849): Adult modifications play an important role in Triassic ammonoids, and hence this species was chosen as an example. Evidence for early forms of life comes from fossils. : pl. M: holotype, lateral view of a right valve, PMC O 28 H 13/10/2019; N: paratype, lateral view of a left valve, PMC O 84 P 13/10/2019. This species of Bairdia is characterized by the BD which is underlined by a blade, and by the reticulation of the carapace. In the deep sea, the specimens are thin shelled, elongate with long spines (e.g. Pl 33, figs 1-7; pl 34, figs 1-14; pl 79, figs 1-10: 1927: Tropites subbullatus Smith: 1951: Tropites subbullatus Spath p. 88: 1977: Tropites subbullatus Liang p. 77 figs. The evolution classification, mode of life and geological usefulness of a major fossil group, 66-100: Tozer E. T. (1994) Canadian Triassic Ammonoid Faunas, Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 467, 1-663: GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera . A. 2) starts with the Carnian Flysch (Auct.) Carapace subrectangular, almost equivalve; BD long and straight, presence of a ridge on each side of hinge; presence of an eye spot; AB with large radius of curvature with maximum located below mid-H, flattened laterally and smooth; VB almost straight; PB with small radius of curvature with maximum around mid H, upper and lower part quite straight; H max at anterior angle; L max at PB; sulcus more or less developed in anterior 1/3 of L; surface reticulated and ornamented with possible pustules and ridges: one lateral, thick, reaching from antero-ventral part of the carapace up to PB, ascending in posterior part; group of ventral ridges, one thick parallel to VB and several (at least three) below. Etymology. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection isn't an idea with holes. Julian, early Carnian, Heiligkreuz Formation, Italy (Kristan-Tollmann and Hamedani, 1973); Carnian, Late Triassic, Italian Alps (Lieberman, 1979); Cordevolian, Carnian, Jordan (Basha, 1982); Carnian, Israel (Gerry et al., 1990); Carnian, Balaton Highland, Hungary (Monostori 1994; Monostori and Tth, 2014); Carnian, Dolomites, Northern Italy (Keim et al., 2001); Carnian, Karavanke Mountains, Slovenia (Forel et al., 2019b); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). outcropping at Monte Gambanera to the Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones of the Tuvalian substage (Fig. 1994 Renngartenella sanctaecrucisKristan-Tollmann (1973); Monostori: 320, 322, figs 5/57. further contributions to Triassic conodont evolution and stratigraphical distribution, but their studies are restricted . Height (H)/length (L) diagram for Ptychobairdia leonardoi n.sp. 1, fig. During the triassic period which is when the tropites were prevalent, they were found in the panthalassic ocean, paleo-tethys ocean, tethys, Perisphinctes tiziani and prolecanites gurleyi, This supports Darwin's theory of evolution, which states that simple life forms gradually evolved into more complex, View View Trophites Subbullatus.pdf from MATH 101 at Hart-Ransom Academic Charter School. ; Monostori and Tth: 5, pl. 1/8. Carnian ammonoid zones in Monte Scalpello (Crasquin et al., 2018) and Monte Gambanera (present study) (after Lucas, 2010 modified). hasContentIssue false, Copyright 2018 The Paleontological Society. Mrz 2023 ] Lage - 23.03.2023 - Marc und Frank Allgemein A species of Ptychobairdia with a short coarse reticulated carapace, strongly compressed and finely reticulated AB and PB and a central node. Search for other works by this author on: Palaeoecological Research Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Catania University, S. Crasquin et al., published by EDP Sciences, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (. and Tuvalian to the Tropites subbullatus zone (Fig. Etymology. Genus HiatobairdiaKristan-Tollmann (1970), Type species: Hiatobairdia subsymmetricaKristan-Tollmann (1970), Hiatobairdia subsymmetricaKristan-Tollmann (1970). and Massive stocky carapace with a symmetric triangular shape; quite symmetric relative to H max; general shape of valves similar, but LV is significantly larger than RV and radius of curvature of PB smaller than anterior one; LV overlaps RV all around the carapace with minimum at PVB; maximum of H located at mid L or in front of mid L; maximum of L at mid H or a little belowmid H; VB quite straight; presence of a very fine flattening at AB of RV in blade shape and a spine located near the maximum of convexity of AB; two more or less distinct spines at PVB of RV; one spine at AB of LV; dorsal view biconvex with valves almost symmetric in shape and W max at or just behind mid L; surface seems to be smooth. M-N: Kerocythere dittainoensis n.sp. Sediments were routinely washed, dried in oven and sieved. } This unit, outcropping in the southern slopes of the mount, mainly consists of dark grey pelites, which locally contain rare ammonites, with rare interbeds of fossiliferous calcarenites and fibrous calcite with Halobia spp. Fossilworks: Tropites (Paratropites) Tropites (Paratropites) Mojsisovics 1893 (ceratite) Cephalopoda - Ammonoidea - Tropitidae. J: Bairdiacypris triassicaKozur (1971c). Based on the new material this determination was revised and they are attributed to Hungarella forelae. In red: right valves; in blue left valves. We compare the results of the Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones (this study), with the data obtained in levels just below in Tropites dilleri zone (Crasquin et al., 2018) (Fig. Occurrence. 6, fig. By studying fossils, scientists can learn how much (or how little) organisms have changed as life developed on Earth. monostorii Forel and Grdinaru (2018). Diagnosis. At the present material the lateral ridge is longer, ascends at its posterior part and the surface is reticulated. sp. humilisMonostori (1995); Crasquin et al. E-mail: dieter.korn@mfn-berlin.de. : 200, pl. 1978 Hiatobairdia subsymmetrica deformis n.sp. We consider that these morphological variations could be the expression of ontogenic variations but some doubt remains. F: Polycope baudiCrasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru (1996). 6M. D. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS56. H=600615m; L=885953m. 1-2. Tropites subbullatus (Hauer 1849) Tropites subbullatus is a species of cephalopods in the family Tropitidae. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS70. Alternative combination: Ammonites subbullatus, Belongs to Tropites according to X. L. Liang 1977, See also Hyatt and Smith 1905, Smith 1927 and Spath 1951, Sister taxa: Tropites (Paratropites), Tropites acutangulus, Tropites arthaberi, Tropites brockensis, Tropites bufonis, Tropites dieneri, Tropites dilleri, Tropites discobullatus, Tropites ehrlichi, Tropites fusobullatus, Tropites hessi, Tropites involutus, Tropites izardi, Tropites kalapanicus, Tropites keili, Tropites keiliformis, Tropites kellyi, Tropites mojsvarensis, Tropites morani, Tropites morloti, Tropites payeri, Tropites reticulatus, Tropites rotatorius, Tropites rothpletzi, Tropites schellwieni, Tropites shastensis, Tropites stantoni, Tropites stearnsi, Tropites torquillus, Tropites ursensis, Tropites welleri, Tropites wodani, Environments: carbonate (1 collection), marine (1), Triassic of China (1 collection), Indonesia (1), Total: 2 collections each including a single occurrence. We thanks the two reviewers Emke Tth from Etvs Lornd University, Budapest, Hungary and Wolfgang Mette from Innsbruck University, Austria for their fruitful comments to improve our paper. One complete carapace, collection number PMC O 25 H 13/10/2019 (Plate 2C). Dimensions. 6. A species of Mockella with a long subrectangular carapace and a well-developed rib all around the carapace. L=610776m; H=362553m (see Fig. : fig. One left valve, collection number PMC O 82 P 13/10/2019 (Plate 2F). Dimensions. A species of Hungarella with triangular shape carapace, a posteroventral spine at RV, delicate flattening in blade shape at anterior border of RV. One right valve, collection number PMC O 26 H 13/10/2019 (Plate 2E). has been analysed since the beginning of the nineteenth century by Calcara (1840, 1845), Nelli (1899a, b) and subsequently by Gemmellaro (1904), Scalia (1907a, b, 1909, 19101914), Maugeri Patan (1934) and Lentini (1974). 1965 Urobairdia angustaKollmann (1963); Szles: 414, pl. One complete carapace, collection number PMC O 85 P 13/10/2019 (Plate 2Q). One carapace, collection number PMC O 24H 13/10/2019 (Plate 1G). M: Bairdia sp. Description. The evolution of the families and smaller groups of ammonites is followed through the various stages of the Lower Jurassic. Material. (2018). Occurrence. R: Hiatobairdia subsymmetricaKristan-Tollmann (1970). The repository numbers are given as PMC (Palaeontological Museum Catania) O (Ostracods) X H (number of holotype) or X P (number of paratype) or FS X (Figured Specimen number) registration date. Remarks. Tropites is characterized by a distinctive, easily recognizable, globular . Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS53. Late Norian, Zlambach Formation, Austria (Kollmann, 1963; Zorn, 2010); Anisian, Felsrs, Hungary (Monostori, 1995); Carnian, Nosztori Valley, Hungary (Szles, 1965); Ladinian-Carnian, Balaton Highland, Hungary (Monostori and Tth, 2013, 2014); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). H=412569m; L=812969m. Monte Gambanera is a modest relief located in central eastern Sicily (F 269 III NE of the Carta dItalia alla scala 1:25000) to the southeast of the town of Castel di Iudica (EN), about 40kilometres west of Catania (Fig. 1, fig. Evidence for early forms of life comes from fossils. Occurrence. One complete carapace and one right valve. 163, fig. In other families, some genera also show different morphological adaptation from neritic to deep sea environments (Healdia, Microcheilinella etc. is very close to H. forelae n.sp.. I. Stratigraphie, Palontologie der U.O. 2. This is the second contribution on the LateTriassic ostracod fauna of the Mufara Formation outcropping in central eastern Sicily. O: Bairdia sp. 10. 2, figs. Occurrence. 1, figs. Tropites subbullatus is a species of cephalopods in the family Tropitidae. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS51. 1). Palaeozoic genus TimorhealdiaBless, 1987). 1921, 1971 Bairdiacypris triassica n.sp. ; Kristan-Tollmann: 268, pl. In 2013, Monostori and Tth, described Acratiagoemeryi from Ladinian neritic sediments of a borehole in Hungary. Occurrence. 13. Diagnosis. One complete carapace, collection number PMC O 28 H 13/10/2019 (Plate 2M). 1, figs. Dimensions. The upper part of PB is quite horizontal and its radius of curvature is small. Ammonoid paleobiology: from anatomy to ecology, Exploring the limits of morphospace: ontogeny and ecology of Late Visan ammonoids from the Tafilalt, Morocco, . 1979 Hiatobairdia subsymmetricaKristan-Tollmann (1970); Kristan-Tollmann et al. 5.2. outcropping at Monte Scalpello, can be referred to the Tropites dilleri zones of the Tuvalian substage (Crasquin et al., 2018) due to the presence of Trachyceratidae (?Neoprotrachyceras, Trachysagenites, Pamphagosirenites) and Tropitidae. In a recent revision, Forel and Crasquin (submitted) considered that until the relationship of Ogmoconcha and Hungarella is clarified, Hungarella should only been used for Triassic species to avoid artificially rooting Ogmoconcha down to the Triassic. 1, figs. Now, a sedimentary level which is stratigraphically higher than the previous one and referable to the Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones of the Tuvalian substage, has been identified at the western side of the Monte Gambanera, nine kilometres south of Monte Scalpello (Fig. All three subdivisions-Lower, Middle, and Upper Triassic--are represented by calcareous deposits, aggregating approximately 4,000 feet in thickness. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS54. 8), are present in marine environments ranging from very shallow waters up to deep seas. Diagnosis. H=269296m; L=446488m. 1012. Two complete carapaces and two LV. Description. Diversity of ostracod families from the Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones represented by number of genera (A) and species (B) in the samples of Mount Gambanera. One complete carapace, collection number PMC O 21 H 13/10/2019, Plate 1A. According to many authors, the Mufara basin is located in a transitional position between the bathyal Neotethys facies to the south and southeast and the carbonate platforms that surround it (Figs. They are carnivores. Ladinian, Balaton Highland, Hungary (Monostori and Tth, 2013); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). Late Carnian (Tropites dilleri zone), Mufara Formation, Sicily, Italy TuvalianCarnian (Crasquin et al., 2018) and TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). As they are stratigraphicaly very close and the number of specimens is quite low, we consider here the ostracod assemblages of both samples in all. H=372415m; L=372415m. Carapace massive, high (H/L=0.6); surface reticulated; LV: Flattened laterally all around with maximum at DB and PB; BD strongly arched; AB with quite large radius of curvature and maximum at mid H; VB almost straight; BP with a very small curvature; two vertical sulci in dorsal part; LV strongly overlapping RV all around with maximum at BD. Type species Ptychobairdia kuepperiKollmann (1960). Bairdioid carapace, quite elongated (H/L=0.44); DB straight at RV and slightly convex at LV; ADB and PDB straight and quite symmetric with respect to DB; AB with large radius of curvature and maximum located above mid-H, AB strongly flattened laterally; VB slightly concave; PB slender and pointed, maximum of curvature located at lower 1/3 of H, strongly flattened laterally; presence of the ventral ridge which begins in posterior part of VB and runs along PB. 8 billion years. 14, 68, 1222. C-D: Ptychobairdia iudicaensis n.sp. 5. 2013 Polycope baudi Crasquin and Grdinaru 1996; Sebe et al. In a previous paper (Crasquin et al., 2018) two of the present specimens were attributed to this O. felsooerensis. All the specimens are stored in the Palaeontological Museum of the University of Catania. The repository numbers are given as PCM (Palaeontological Museum Catania) O (Ostracods) FS X (Figured Specimen number) registration date. Margarobairdia zapfeiKristan-Tollmann (1983) from the Anisian of South China (Kristan-Tollmann, 1983) has a similar valve shape but a different ornamentation. 35, figs. Type species: Reubenella avnimelechiSohn (1968). 1978 Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869); Kristan-Tollmann: 81, pl. 1. H=486533m; L=840948m. ; Bunza and Kozur: 5-6, pl. 2, fig. One complete carapace, 13 RV and 2 LV. We observe also the presence of the brackishhypersaline species Renngartenella sanctaecrusis Kristan-Tolmann, which was suggested by Gerry et al. Abbreviations. Ostracods from Late Triassic (Tuvalian-Carnian) of Monte Gambanera, Sicily, Italy. Etymology. 7HJ. Monte Gambanera is a modest relief located in central eastern Sicily (F 269 III NE of the Carta d'Italia alla scala 1:25 000) to the southeast of the town of Castel di Iudica (EN), about 40 kilometres west of Catania ().Structurally Monte Gambanera is part of the "Monte Judica Units" (Lentini et al., 1987) and is inserted along the northern . C: Bektasia sp. first appearance. B-C: Hungarella siciliiensis n.sp. F. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS58. and PaleoDB taxon number: 172797. One broken carapace and three left valves. Paratype. 1973 Simeonella brotzenorumSohn (1968); Kristan-Tollmann and Hamedani: text-fig. 1979 Simeonella brotzenorumSohn (1968); Lieberman: 103, pl. Remarks. Holotype. They represent the ostracod association of the present study. Occurrence. 2, figs. 2020. Type species Bairdia problematicaMhes (1911). Dimensions. The specimens are relatively abundant, silicified, well preserved and often preserved as complete carapaces. Dimensions. Holotype. A proposed map of the Earth in the Late Triassic Period (220 million years ago). (2019b). Synthesis of the palaeoenvironmental model and evolution L=651731m; H=309376m. One complete carapace, collection number PMC O 22 H 13/10/2019, Plate 1B. Tropites torquillus Mojsisovics 1893 (ceratite) Cephalopoda - Ammonoidea - Tropitidae. The group of . H=204293m; L=231306m. 2013 Polycope densoreticulata n.sp. Order Metacopida Sylvester-Bradley (1961), Suborder Metacopina Sylvester-Bradley (1961). Material. Material. This genus is extinct. (2018), fig. 2013 Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869); Monostori and Tth: 310, pl. 2010 Urobairdia angustaKollmann (1963); Zorn: 271-272, pl. The results of the ostracod fauna analysis allow the following conclusions: 1. Biological evolution and phylogeny: Evolution explains how new species of organisms arise or how existing organisms adapt to new conditions over time. 5, 8. 11. Superfamily Thaumatocypridoidea Mller (1906), Genus Thaumatomma Kornicker and Sohn (1976), Type species: Thaumatomma piscifronsKornicker and Sohn (1976). : 137-138, fig. Twenty kilograms of sediments were collected from each of the two stratigraphic levels. In the study on the Mufara Formation (Crasquin et al., 2018) we attributed the specimens to the latter species. The ratios between these different morphologies have been used to characterize the depth of ate Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic environments since quite a long time (model of Lethiers and Raymond, 1991). Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O FS60. of Species" in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time. Because of its narrow time range, Tropites is a good index fossil (useful for stratigraphic correlations). A, B, C, D: Scale bars=200m; E, F, G, H, I: scale bars=100m. Diagnosis. All rights reserved. 1995 Bairdia (Urobairdia) angusta recta n.sp. Paratype. 4, figs. 2, figs. : 134, figs. R: Simeonella brotzenorumSohn (1968). K: Bairdia sp.1 sensuCrasquin et al. for this article. the tropites subbullatus was a sea creature. 1G. It is found to confirm earlier claims by Genus Renngartenella Schneider 1957 (inMandelstam et al., 1957), Renngartenella sanctaecrusisKristan-Tollmann (1973). Previously the ostracod fauna of the Tropites dilleri zone of the Tuvalian substage outcropping at Monte Scalpello has been analysed (Crasquin et al., 2018). A species of Bairdia with a very compact carapace, a continuously arched dorsal boarder and flattened and crenulated ventral parts of AB and PB. L=270492m; H=150275m (see Fig. Remarks. 1, figs. 2 Geological setting and studied samples. 1982 Simeonella brotzenorumSohn (1968); Basha: pl. ; Kristan-Tollmann: text-fig. redcarensis (Blake, 1876), Occurrence. Mrz 2023 ] FF- #212 - Gedichte, Zeitplomben, Zeitbomben Krisenbegleitung adam schiff approval rating [ 24. Description. TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). 1963 Urobairdia angusta n.g. (complete carapace) H=462m; L=800m. 1, fig. L: Acratia maugeriiCrasquin et al. Dedicated to Leonardo Reitano, son of Agatino Reitano. Etymology. ; Monostori: 43, pl.3, figs. A great confusion exists in the systematics of Late PermianTriassic Healdiidae genera HungarellaOgmoconchaOgmoconchella. ; Kristan-Tollmann: 196, pl. Tropites, genus of extinct cephalopods (animals similar to the, modern squid and octopus but with an external shell) found, as fossils in marine rocks of the Late Triassic Period. 5, figs. However, we try to establish a way to distinguish the Triassic Healdiidae genera when only the external characters of carapaces are available. Time and Space Science - study of index fossils . In fact, the two genera are close but the valves are strongly dissymmetric in shape in Hungarella. 10) within the deepest and most distal part of a vast continental shelf where the carbonate platforms Panormide, Trapanese, Saccense were located. Resources https#:wwwbritannicacomanimalTropites . The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Description. 16. They belong to the families Healdiidae, Bairdiidae, Bythocyprididae, Acratiidae, Cytheruridae, Limnocytheridae, Candonidae, Cavellinidae, Polycopidae and Thaumatocyprididae. Here the carapace is more triangular with a smaller radius of curvature of PB; the blade at AB is also more expressed here. 1996 Bairdia (Rectobairdia) garciai n.sp. The main differences between the two species is the presence of 2 spines at PVB of RV, presence of a spine at AB of booth valves and the less distinct blade at the AB of H. siciliiensis n.sp.. We cant exclude that these differences are due to morphological variability of H. forelae n.sp. View Tuvalian, Tropites dilleri zone (Crasquin et al., 2018), Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this work). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Definition: Active swimming organisms that live in the water column and are able to move independently of the water mass (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). H=330328m; L=357376m. The repository number of the specimens are given in the systematic descriptions and/or in plate explanations. Material. One left valve, collection number PMC O 83 P 13/10/2019 (Plate 2H). Type species Petasobairdia bicornutaChen and Shi (1982). Massive carapace with a symmetric triangular shape; quite symmetric relative to H max; shape of left and right valves similar; LV is significantly larger than RV and radius of curvature of PB smaller than anterior one; LV overlaps RV all around the carapace with minimum at PVB; maximum of H located in front of or at mid L; maximum of L at mid H or a little below; VB quite straight; presence of a very fine flattening all around the AB of RV in blade shape; small spine more or less distinct at PVB of RV; dorsal view biconvex with valves almost symmetric in shape and W max at or just behind mid L; surface seems to be smooth. Cite this article as: Crasquin S, Sciuto F, Reitano A, Coco RM. The Mufara Basin, therefore, can be interpreted as a shallow marine basin (Fig. Dimensions. 6, figs. Pl. In this basin, therefore, occurs a transitional facies between the Panormide and Trapanese shelf facies, on the one hand, and a deep marine facies of the Neo-Tethys, on the other. H=316439m; L=567900m. differs from other species by the specific characters. Tropites subbullatus Hauer 1849 (ceratite) Cephalopoda - Ammonoidea - Tropitidae. Carapace long (H/L0.4), reticulated, strongly laterally compressed along AB, AVB, VB, PVB, PB; DB long and straight at both valves; presence of an elongated node at ADB and PDB of both valves; LV with two big horns with large base at each extremities of DB. Carnian ammonoid zones in Monte Scalpello (Crasquin et al., 2018) and Monte Gambanera (present study) (after Lucas, 2010 modified). They are kind of like modern day octopus or squid but with an external shell. Remarks.Ptychobairdia iudicaensis n.sp. Bairdioid carapace, quite short (H/L=0.60.7), LV overlaps RV all around the carapace with minimum at AB and anterior part of VB; LV: all the dorsal part regularly arched; AB with large radius of curvature with maximum at mid-H, VB almost straight; BP with large radius of curvature with maximum at lower 1/3 of H; PDB arched; RV: DB straight, ADB straight with an angulation of 145150 against DB; AB with large radius of curvature; AVB and PVB flattened laterally in its very external part and with very fine crenulation; VB slightly concave; bairdioid beak quite absent; PDB straight with an angle of 125130 with DB; Presence of a shoulder on medio-dorsal part of LV; carapace biconvex and quite slender in dorsal view. Dimensions. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Feature Flags: { 1; Ogg 2012 . The very well preserved present material enabled us to review our attribution. H=400440m; L=785882m. 1, fig. I: Urobairdia angustaKollmann (1963). P: holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O 29 H 13/10/2019; Q: paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, number PMC O 85 P13/10/2019. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university.
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