This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. [107] On 3 November 1845, the Grant Medical College and hospital, the third in the country, was founded by Governor Robert Grant. Welgos/Getty Images. Soon it was trading in salt, rice, ivory, cloth, lead and sword blades with many Indian ports as well as with the Arabian cities of Mecca and Basra. The Cotton Exchange was established in not yet psychologically prepared for this step. [67] Fortifications were built around Bombay Castle. The Asiatic Society. He implemented Aungier's plans for the fortification of the island, and had walls built from Dongri in the north to Mendham's point in the south. By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. He was the first person to build [citation needed] Later, between the 2nd century BCE and 10th . Request Permissions, Published By: Economic and Political Weekly. Mahim to Sion by a causeway. Pratapbimba later reconquered the islands which he ruled till 1331. This resulted in a large influx of traders, artisans, merhcants and labourers into the city. From the late 19th to early 20th centuries . [162] In April 1950, Greater Bombay District came into existence with the merger of Bombay Suburbs and Bombay City. had already been built towards the end of the 18th Century. y the late 20th century the factories started to decline along [67] In 1686, the Company shifted its main holdings from Surat to Bombay, which had become the administrative centre of all the west coast settlements then. [135] On 11 August 1893, a serious communal riot took place between the Hindus and Muslims, when a Shiva temple was attacked by Muslims in Bombay. [194] On 11 July 2006, a series of seven bomb blasts took place over a period of 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai at Khar, Mahim, Matunga, Jogeshwari, Borivali, and one between Khar and Santa Cruz. From 1857, Much of this money was channelled Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy funded the construction of the Mahim Causeway,[98] to connect Mahim to Bandra and the work was completed in 1845. Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy donated the entire sum of money required to join Growth of a city - Mumbai or Kolkata or Delhi or Chennai or any other city of India in the 19th and 20th centuries TIPS Trace the growth of the chosen city from 17th century onwards Reasons for its growth and importance New administrative set up like municipalities, railway stations, post offices Change in population pattern "Workers' politics and the mill districts in Bombay between the wars. [126] Bombay Time, one of the two official time zones in British India, was established in 1884[127] during the International Meridian Conference held at Washington, D.C in the United States. In 1431, Mahim was recaptured by the Sultanate of Gujarat. It immediately entered into an [165] The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay was established in 1958 at Powai, a northern suburb of Bombay. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. [67] The Bank of Bombay, the oldest bank in the city, was established in 1840,[106] and the Bank of Western India in 1842. [14] After the end of the Satavahana rule in 250 CE, the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra and Vakatakas of Vidarbha held dominion over the islands. the rooms were often occupied by several people. There were restrictions on the hours of children and women. The last British troops to leave India, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, passed through the arcade of the Gateway of India in Bombay on 28 February 1948,[160] ending the 282-year-long period of the British in Bombay . In the postwar years the development of residential quarters in suburban areas was begun, and the administration of Bombay city through a municipal corporation was extended to the suburbs of Greater Bombay. 1803. each given over to one person, and a common toilet. Although that initiative was crushed by the British, India did achieve independence in 1947. 6 References. John, Lord Elphinstone. The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. [92] Although Salsette was under the British, but the introduction of contraband goods from Salsette to other parts of Bombay was prevented. opposition to this move, and the walls were not removed. a bungalow for himself on Malabar Hill. across the continent, resulting in the growth of highly specialized farming (Rossiter, 1979). The islands came under the control of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat in 1348, ending the sovereignty of Hindu rulers over the islands. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions [163] In the 1955 Lok Sabha discussions, when Bombay State was being re-organised along linguistic lines into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. [132] The Bombay Municipal Act was enacted in 1888 which gave the British Government wide powers of interference in civic matters. [197] According to Mumbai Police, the bombings were carried out by Lashkar-e-Toiba and Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI). [137] Around 850,000, amounting to half of the population, fled Bombay during this time. [5] After a series of attacks by the Gujarat Sultanate, the islands were recaptured by Sultan Bahadur Shah. [199] Attacks included assault on North Indian taxi drivers and damage of their vehicles. [159] On 15 August 1947, finally India was declared independent. [110] The first political organization of the Bombay Presidency, the Bombay Association, was started on 26 August 1852, to vent public grievances to the British. [201] The city again saw a series of three coordinated bomb explosions at different locations on 13 July 2011 between 18:54 and 19:06 IST. Descendants of the Yadavas are found in contemporary Mumbai, and most of the place-names on the island date from that era. [192] On 25 August 2003, two blasts in South Mumbai one near the Gateway of India and the other at Zaveri Bazaar in Kalbadevi occurred. The built-up area has depicted a positive growth of 14.01% during the period 1965 to 1992, 10.53% during the 1992 to 2010. The Portuguese Viceroy declined to interfere and Shipman was prevented from landing in Bombay. However, the population of Bombay was [11], The islands were under Muslim rule from 1348 to 1391. gained paramount importance in the world cotton trade. Growth of Mumbai The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbai 's population over the last four centuries: 1661: 10000 inhabitants [1] 1664: 15000 [1] 1673: 60000 [1] (Fryer) 1675: 60000 1718: 16000 [1] (Cobbe) 1744: 70000 [1] (Niebuhr) (large influx of people during the busy season) 5 See also. Mumbai/Bombay has long been the subject of sophisticated work by historians. [41] However, the Portuguese paid their first visit to the islands on 21 January 1509, when they landed at Mahim after capturing a Gujarat barge in the Mahim creek. [66] A customs house was also built. These workers were called Kamathis, and their enclave was called Kamathipura. [181] A series of 13 co-ordinated bomb explosions took place in Bombay on 12 March 1993, which resulted in 257 deaths and 700 injuries. [113] The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was incorporated in 1855.[114]. For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org. At the beginning of the century, U.S. citizens and immigrants to the country traveled primarily by horseback or on the rivers. By 1920, more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas for the first time in US history. By 2020 it had reached an estimated population of 20 million, making it the 9th largest city by population in the world. [52] In 1560, they started proselytising the local Koli, Kunbi, Kumbhar population in Mahim, Worli, and Bassein. The evolution of Bombay's multifaceted socio-cultural identity and its development as India's business capital have been influenced historically by diverse political and economic factors. Avabai, Lady [58] The Portuguese Franciscans had obtained practical control of Salsette and Mahim by 1585, and built Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho (Our Lady of Good Counsel) at Sion and Nossa Senhora de Salvao (Our Lady of Salvation) at Dadar in 1596. [136] In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week. [67], The educational and economic progress of the city began with the Company's military successes in the Deccan. Several social and religious reform movements were started with the notion of social reform and religious revival in the country. together Bombay and Mahim, it began the process that was to be completed The city was a centre of maritime trade with Persia and Egypt in 1000 bce. Since the early 1900s, the city has also the home base of the Bollywood film industry. [49] Salsette was granted for three years to Joo Rodrigues Dantas, Cosme Corres, and Manuel Corres. [171] During the 1970 there were Bombay-Bhiwandi riots. In 1849 the Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) Railways was incorporated There was strong [17] The Elephanta Caves also dates back to the sixth century. The Koli, an aboriginal tribe of fishermen, were the earliest known inhabitants of present-day Mumbai, though Paleolithic stone implements found at Kandivli, in Greater Mumbai, indicate that the area has been inhabited by humans for hundreds of thousands of years. then started, a process that continues till today. Early Labor Unions. [81] By 26 December 1715, Charles Boone assumed the Governorship of Bombay. From farm to city Modern Asian Studies For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines. [61][62] However, Salsette, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. [citation needed] Later, between the 2nd century BCE and 10th century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: the Satavahanas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Silharas& Chollas. [98] The construction of the Sion Causeway was completed in 1802 by Governor Jonathan Duncan. However, this economic boom was at the base of one of In the latter part of the 19th century, many cotton spinning and weaving mills also came up in Bombay. [88] In 1769, Fort George was built on the site of the Dongri Fort[89] and in 1770, the Mazagaon docks were built. Castella de Aguada (Fort of the Waterpoint) was built by the Portuguese at Bandra in 1640 as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. The islands were leased to Mestre Diogo in 1534. [95] The history of journalism in Bombay commenced with publication of the Bombay Herald in 1789 and the Bombay Courier in 1790. [79] After a payment made by the British to Aurangzeb, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690. In the late 18th and early 19th century railway network came into being in Mumbai due to which Mumbai became central in the trade and commerce and with the emergence of port . Request Permissions, Review by: The labour force was constituted mainly Those protests led to the states partition into the modern states of Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960, and Bombay was made the capital of Maharashtra that year. East India Company at the beginning of the century. The tragedy was to have a positive [108] The Commercial Bank of India, established in 1845, issued exotic notes with an interblend of Western and Eastern Motifs. 2014 Cambridge University Press In 1661 it came under British control as part of the marriage settlement between King Charles II and Catherine of Braganza, sister of the king of Portugal. 1803 - Fire. exposure of non-Western elites to an intellectual repertoire that facilitated challenges to colonialism. Mumbai in 1888. [31] It was reconquered by Rai Qutb of the Gujarat Sultanate. In the 19th century ritain imported cotton from India which was transport-ed to Mumbai port by a railway. By the mid-19th century, industrialization was well-established throughout the western part of Europe and America's northeastern region. and its hinterland was to become necessary. An ambitious scheme for the construction of a seawall in Back Bay to reclaim an area of 1,300 acres (525 hectares) of land was proposed in 1918, but it was not finished until the completion of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Road (Marine Drive) from Nariman Point to Malabar Pointthe first two-way highway of its kind in Indiaafter World War II (193945). Sometimes, several What impact did the relentless growth have on the land, cultures and identity - as well its relationship to the wider country? [50] Garcia de Orta, a Portuguese physician and botanist, was granted the possession of Bombay in 1554 by viceroy Pedro Mascarenhas. Further tectonic activity in the region led to the formation of hilly islands separated by a shallow sea. Bombay's ethnic soup. [97] The construction of the Sion Causeway (Duncan Causeway) commenced in 1798. [117] The Victoria Gardens was opened to the public in 1862. The city became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century, it was the centre of the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919 and Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946. The Abhiras ruled for 167 years, till around 417 CE. [100] In May 1804, Bombay was hit by a severe famine, which led to a large-scale emigration. [128] Bombay time was set at 4 hours and 51 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) using the 75th east meridian. the Tanish Wahi Follow Studying at Indraprastha International School, Dwarka Advertisement Mumbai and the mmr (rajiv misra) Similar to Urbanization of Mumbai from 18th century to modern times (20) 278 were killed and 1,118 were wounded. residents were paying taxes to the civil authorities for the upkeep and and also in terms of the nationality of the authors. Economic and Political Weekly In November 1664, Shipman's successor Humphrey Cooke agreed to accept Bombay without its dependencies. The Dutch arrived first, closely followed by the British. [177] The Great Bombay Textile Strike was called on 18 January 1982 by trade union leader Dutta Samant, where nearly 250,000 workers and more than 50 textile mills in Bombay went on strike. The Governor of Bombay at this time was The 1920 Census revealed that more Americans lived in cities than the countryside for the first time. By Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. [45], The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their religious orders in Bombay. Cambridge University Press is committed by its charter to disseminate knowledge as widely as possible across the globe. An author who grew up in Mumbai calls his city an "urban catastrophe." [71] Between 1661 and 1675 there was a sixfold increase in population from 10,000 to 60,000. barracks, each building had three floors. The American Civil War (186165) and the resulting cutoff of cotton supplies to Britain caused a great trade boom in Bombay. of the town, razing many localities. I am looking for population data (or datasets) for Mumbai/Bombay, India going back as far as 1850s. In 1950 the population of Mumbai was around 3 million. that the cotton boom was bringing in. [citation needed]. [182] The attacks were believed to be orchestrated by mafia don Dawood Ibrahim in retaliation for the Babri Mosque demolition. [112] The Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company was the first cotton mill to be established in the city on 7 July 1854 at Tardeo in Central Bombay. The city was built many islands, a process that was As a result of Mumbai's 18th- and 19th-century history as a trading, commercial and manufacturing hub, the population of the city had swollen hugely as migrants from swathes of India's countryside arrived to find work. Later, his brother-in-law Nagardev for 17 years till 1348. [42] During 152829, Lopo Vaz de Sampaio seized the fort of Mahim from the Gujarat Sultanate, when the King was at war with Nizam-ul-mulk, the emperor of Chaul, a town south of the islands. ", This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 06:52. The worldwide influenza epidemic raged through Bombay from September to December 1918, causing hundreds of deaths per day. Around 83 people were killed. other things, set out the possibility of demolition of encroachments. Mumbai was lashed by torrential rains on 2627 July 2005, during which the city was brought to a complete standstill. [120] Tramway communication was instituted in 1873. Historian Paul Moon has looked in depth at the development of Auckland over the 10 decades from 1900, drawing on diaries, newspapers and oral histories of the time. The population would grow gradually throughout the 19 th century, rising to over 240 million by 1900. It publishes over 2,500 books a year for distribution in more than 200 countries. [67] On 5 November 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone[101] defeated Bajirao II, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, in the Battle of Kirkee which took place on the Deccan Plateau. [105] In 1836, the Chamber of Commerce was established. In southern Africa, the kingdom of Lesotho was exceptional because. The purpose of this project was to block the Worli creek and prevent the low-lying areas of Bombay from being flooded at high tide. He suggested the During the early 15th century, the Bhandaris seized the island of Mahim from the Sultanate and ruled it for eight years. ", Kooiman, Dick. broke out this year. to accommodate the whole family. The modern city of Bombay took shape in the 19th century. The decay of Mughal power in Delhi, the Mughal-Maratha rivalries, and the instability in Gujarat drove artisans and merchants to the islands for refuge, and Bombay began to grow. The needs of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe greatly contributed to the (1) growth of overseas empires (2) beginning of the triangular trade (3) development of international peacekeeping organizations (4) promotion of political and economic equality in Asia and Africa Click the card to flip 1 Click the card to flip 1 / 39 Instructions for Contributors at Cambridge Journals Online. [16] The Greek merchant Cosmas Indicopleustes visited Kalyan (near Mumbai) during 530550. record about 30 British deaths, several from outside of the city. [55] In 1670, the Parsi businessman Bhimjee Parikh imported the first printing press into Bombay. This PowerPoint presentation completely helps you to know about every thing about the Mumbai from 18th century till the present or the modern times. Mazagaon was granted to Antonio Pessoa in 1547. Under new building rules set up in 1748, many houses were demolished and the population was redistributed, partially on newly reclaimed land. Global sea levels have risen faster than since the beginning of the 20th Century, and it has become much worse in recent years. There was a rapid [38] After the end of the Bahamani Sultanate, Bahadur Khan Gilani and Mahmud Gavan (14821518) broke out in rebellion at the port of Dabhol and conquered the islands along with the whole of Konkan. [59] The growing power of the Dutch by the middle of the seventeenth century forced the Surat Council of the British Empire to acquire Bombay from King John IV of Portugal in 1659. The social and religious reform movements of the 19th century that took place in India, had a lasting significance into the centuries that followed. [121] The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), originally set up as a tramway company: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, was established in 1873.
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